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Montville resident and NJIT professor receives engineering honors - (New Jersey Institute of Technology) Nirwan Ansari, of Montville, a professor in the department of electrical and computer engineering at NJIT, has received two notable honors. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has named him a Fellow for his contributions to broadband networks and communications. ...

Scientists publish first ever evidence of asteroids with earth-like crust - (University of Maryland) Two rare meteorites found in Antarctica two years ago are from a previously unknown, ancient asteroid with a crust similar in composition to that of Earth's continents, reports a research team primarily composed of geochemists from the University of Maryland. Published in the Jan. 8 issue of the journal Nature, this is the first ever finding of material from an asteroid with a crust like Earth's, and the oldest rock with this composition ever found. ...

Martian rock arrangement not alien handiwork - (University of Calgary) A new study published in the journal Geology explains how pebble-sized rocks organize themselves in evenly spaced patterns in sand....

Avian flu becoming more resistant to antiviral drugs, says University of Colorado study - (University of Colorado at Boulder) A new University of Colorado at Boulder study shows the resistance of the avian flu virus to a major class of antiviral drugs is increasing through positive evolutionary selection, with researchers documenting the trend in more than 30 percent of the samples tested....

Low level herbicide use can damage potato reproduction - (American Society of Agronomy) A recent study examining the development and reproduction of plants and the effects that herbicides can have upon those processes has shown that treating potato plants with low levels of herbicide application can have a detrimental effect on crop yields....

Tilting at wind farms - (Inderscience Publishers) A way to make wind power smoother and more efficient that exploits the inertia of a wind turbine rotor could help solve the problem of wind speed variation, according to research published in the International Journal of Power Electronics....

Male crickets with bigger heads are better fighters, study reveals, echoing ancient Chinese text - (Public Library of Science) In a study published in the Dec. 24 issue of the online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal PLoS ONE, Judge and co-author Vanessa Bonanno show that males with larger heads and mouthparts are more successful in fights with smaller-headed rivals. ...

Florida professor creates endowment for insect scientists - (Entomological Society of America) Dr. Nan-Yao Su, a professor of entomology at the University of Florida, has donated $250,000 to the Entomological Society of America for the establishment of an endowment to award creative entomologists who have demonstrated the ability to find alternative solutions to problems that significantly impact entomology. Each year, the interest from the $250,000 will be presented to the winner of ESA's newest award, the Nan-Yao Su Award for Innovation and Creativity in Entomology....

Polarized light pollution leads animals astray - (Ecological Society of America) Human-made light sources can alter natural light cycles, causing animals that rely on light cues to make mistakes when moving through their environment. In the journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, a collaboration of ecologists, biologists and biophysicists has now shown that in addition to direct light, cues from polarized light can trigger animal behaviors leading to injury and often death. ...

Four, three, two, one . . . pterosaurs have lift off - (Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions) Pterosaurs have long suffered an identity crisis. Pop culture heedlessly -- and wrongly -- lumps these extinct flying lizards in with dinosaurs. Even paleontologists assumed that because the creatures flew, they were birdlike in many ways, such as using only two legs to take flight. ...

Biologist finds plant polymerases IV and V are really variants of Polymerase II - (Washington University in St. Louis) It's a little like finding out that Superman is actually Clark Kent. A team of biologists at Washington University in St. Louis has discovered that two vital cellular components, nuclear RNA Polymerases IV and V, found only in plants, are actually specialized forms of RNA Polymerase II, an essential enzyme of all eukaryotic organisms, including humans....

Mixing oil and water: COST explores sustainable links in energy and water management - (COST) COST is organizing an invitation-only exploratory workshop in Brussels, from Jan. 19-21, 2009. It is the first in a series of workshops on water and energy. The Energy-Water Nexus: Managing the Links between Energy and Water for a Sustainable Future takes place from Jan. 19-21, 2009, at Le Chatelain Hotel, Rue du Chatelain 17, 1000 Brussels. ...

Volcanoes cool the tropics, say researchers - (The Earth Institute at Columbia University) Climate researchers have shown that big volcanic eruptions over the past 450 years have temporarily cooled weather in the tropics but suggest that such effects may have been masked in the 20th century by rising global temperatures. ...

California study shows shade trees reduce summertime electricity use - (USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station) A recent study shows that shade trees on the west and south sides of a house in California can reduce a homeowner's summertime electric bill by about $25.00 a year. The study, conducted last year on 460 single-family homes in Sacramento, is the first large-scale study to use utility billing data to show that trees can reduce energy consumption....

Study: Can nature's leading indicators presage environmental disaster? - (University of Wisconsin-Madison) Economists use leading indicators -- the drivers of economic performance -- to take the temperature of the economy and predict the future. Now, in a new study, scientists take a page from the social science handbook and use leading indicators of the environment to presage the potential collapse of ecosystems....

GEN joins Charles Darwin 2009 celebration - (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) Theodosius Dobzhansky, the late great geneticist and evolutionary biologist, said it best: "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."...

Describing soils: Calibration tool for teaching soil rupture resistance - (Soil Science Society of America) A new tool has been developed that will help measure the rupture resistance of soils by calibrating the correct amount of pressure between a thumb and forefinger of students and soil scientists when studying soils in the field. The measurement is important for accurately assessing the quality and makeup of soils....

Models simulate nitrate dynamics in Garonne, Southwest France - (American Society of Agronomy) A new study details the first European application of two models that simulate the daily flow and dynamics of nitrogen in a watershed, which will help researchers prevent the over-enrichment of fresh, transitional, and marine waters with nitrogen, as well as understand the impacts of environmental change....

Evolution in action: Our antibodies take 'evolutionary leaps' to fight microbes - (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology) With cold and flu season in full swing, the fact that viruses and bacteria rapidly evolve is apparent with every sneeze, sniffle and cough. A new report in the January 2009 issue of the FASEB Journal, explains for the first time how humans keep up with microbes by rearranging the genes that make antibodies to foreign invaders. This research fills a significant gap in the understanding of how the immune system helps us survive....

Tackling climate change with new permits to pollute - (Oxford University Press) A new way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and tackle climate change had been unveiled by leading economists. ...

High numbers of right whales seen in Gulf of Maine - (NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service) A large number of North Atlantic right whales have been seen in the Gulf of Maine in recent days, leading right whale researchers at NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center to believe they have identified a wintering ground and potentially a breeding ground for this endangered species....

AGU journal highlights -- Dec. 31, 2008 - (American Geophysical Union) This release spotlights research papers on these topics: Surprise drop in carbon dioxide absorbed by East/Japan Sea; Big raindrops favor tornado formation; Sand dunes clocked from space; Odd-looking Martian craters indicate hidden ice; Explaining scope of Earth's tropical air flows; Cause of glacial earthquakes in Greenland clarified; Sea rise on continental shelves affected global carbon cycle; Martian avalanches analyzed; Influence in West Africa: biomass burning and mineral dust; and Dust's conflicting roles in West African rainfall....

6 North American sites hold 12,900-year-old nanodiamond-rich soil - (University of Oregon) Abundant tiny particles of diamond dust exist in sediments dating to 12,900 years ago at six North American sites, adding strong evidence for Earth's impact with a rare swarm of carbon-and-water-rich comets or carbonaceous chondrites, reports a nine-member scientific team....

Trapped water cause of regular tremors under Vancouver Island: UBC researchers - (University of British Columbia) University of British Columbia researchers are offering the first compelling evidence to explain regular tremors under Vancouver Island....

Study shows competition, not climate change, led to Neanderthal extinction - (Public Library of Science) In a recently conducted study, a multidisciplinary French-American research team with expertise in archaeology, past climates and ecology reported that Neanderthal extinction was principally a result of competition with Cro-Magnon populations, rather than the consequences of climate change. The study was published in the online, open-access journal PLoS ONE....