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Polarized Light Leads Animals Astray: 'Ecological Traps' Cause Animal Behaviors That Can Lead To Death - Human-made light sources can alter natural light cycles, causing animals that rely on light cues to make mistakes when moving through their environment. In the journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, a collaboration of ecologists, biologists and biophysicists has now shown that in addition to direct light, cues from polarized light can trigger animal behaviors leading to injury and often death....

Gene Linked To Inherited Form Of Fatal Lung Disease Identified - Researchers have determined that a mutation in a gene known for its role in defending the lungs against invading pathogens is responsible for some inherited cases of a lethal lung disease affecting older adults. The same mutation may also be associated with lung cancer, the researchers said....

Astronomers Use Gamma-ray Burst To Probe Star Formation In The Early Universe - The brilliant afterglow of a powerful gamma-ray burst (GRB) has enabled astronomers to probe the star-forming environment of a distant galaxy, resulting in the first detection of molecular gas in a GRB host galaxy. By analyzing the spectrum of light emitted in the GRB afterglow, the researchers are gleaning insights into an active stellar nursery in a galaxy so far away it appears as it was 10 billion years ago....

Drinkers With Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Are At Greater Risk Of Colorectal Cancer - Chronic drinking is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer, possibly due to the creation of acetaldehyde by the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. New findings show that individuals with a polymorphism of the ADH1C gene produce more acetaldehyde when they drink, which creates a higher risk for colorectal cancer....

Surprise Drop In Carbon Dioxide Absorbed By East/Japan Sea - The East/Japan Sea in the western North Pacific is ventilated from the surface to the bottom of the ocean over decades. Authors conclude that overturning circulation is weakening, slowing down the transport of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the surface to the interior of the East/Japan Sea....

Vision Problems Prompt Older Drivers To Put Down The Keys - With 30 million drivers in the US aged 65 and over, we count on older Americans to recognize when they can no longer drive safely and decide that it's time to stay off the road. A new study finds that a decrease in vision function is a key factor in bringing about this decision....

Four, Three, Two, One . . . Pterosaurs Have Lift Off - Pterosaurs have long suffered an identity crisis. Pop culture heedlessly -- and wrongly -- lumps these extinct flying lizards in with dinosaurs. Even paleontologists assumed that because the creatures flew, they were birdlike in many ways, such as using only two legs to take flight....

Viagra's Other Talents: Help A 'Signaling' Protein Shield The Heart From High Blood Pressure Damage - Researchers report what is believed to be the first direct evidence in lab animals that the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil amplifies the effects of a heart-protective protein....

Journey Of A Green Turtle From Indonesia Into Australian Opens Mystery Of 'Oceanic Superhighway' - The remarkable journey of a green turtle from Indonesia into Australian waters is helping conservationists to track the migratory route of this species to the Kimberley-Pilbara coast - one of the few relatively pristine coastal areas left on Earth....

Uncultured Bacteria Found In Amniotic Fluids Of Women Who Experience Preterm Births - Researchers have made a significant advancement in understanding the cause behind why some pregnant women suffer from inflammations in the inner womb without any signs of an infection. Using gene-cloning techniques, researchers discovered that approximately 60 percent of the bacteria present in women with intra-amniotic inflammations were missed by traditional culture testing -- considered the gold standard for finding bacterial infections....

Space Technology To Soothe Roadster Ride - Space missions are highly complex operations, not only because the satellites or space probes are unique pieces of top-notch intricate high-tech, but also because it is so challenging to get them to their assigned position in space without damage. The technology used is now being transferred to the car industry to increase comfort....

Asthma Attacks Triggered By Exertion At Work And Play - Exertion at work and play can trigger deadly asthma attacks, according to new research. If you're an asthma sufferer, make sure the medical history at your doctor's office includes your employment and recreation plans. A new screening tool may save you a trip to the emergency room later on....

Physicists Squeeze Light To Quantum Limit - Physicists have demonstrated a way to squeeze light to the fundamental quantum limit, a finding that has potential applications for high-precision measurement, next generation atomic clocks, novel quantum computing and our most fundamental understanding of the universe....

Brain Circuit Abnormalities May Underlie Bulimia Nervosa In Women - Women with bulimia nervosa appear to respond more impulsively during psychological testing than those without eating disorders, and brain scans show differences in areas responsible for regulating behavior, according to a new report....

Genetic Roots Of Cacao Trees Traced - By examining the DNA of cacao trees, scientists have traced the genetic roots of the key ingredient in chocolate....

Clues About The Evolution Of Epilepsy - Two children have a seizure. One child never has another seizure. Twenty years later, the other child has a series of seizures and is diagnosed with epilepsy. A new study is looking at what could possibly happen in the development of these two children that would lead to such extreme variations in their neurologic health....

Speediest Sand Dunes Clocked From Space - Monitoring the speeds of migrating dunes and the volumes of sand transported over time is important to understanding how arid landscapes respond to wind-driven changes....

Childhood Trauma And Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Risk Biologically Linked - Childhood trauma is a potent risk factor for development of chronic fatigue syndrome, according to a new study....

Scientists See Brain Aging Before Symptoms Appear - Scientists have used innovative brain-scan technology along with patient-specific information on Alzheimer's disease risk, to help diagnose brain aging, often before symptoms appear....

New Hope For Cancer Comes Straight From The Heart - Digitalis-based drugs like digoxin have been used for centuries to treat patients with irregular heart rhythms and heart failure and are still in use today. Researchers now report that this same class of drugs may hold new promise as a treatment for cancer. This finding emerged through a search for existing drugs that might slow or stop cancer progression....

Peering Inside Skull Of A Mouse To Solve Meningitis Mystery: Immune Cells Implicated In Fatal Seizures - Scientists have discovered an unexpected cause for the fatal seizures seen in mice with viral meningitis, according to a study published in the journal Nature. The finding may lead to a new way of thinking about how the human immune system responds to viral diseases....

New Insight Into Aggressive Childhood Cancer - A new study reveals critical molecular mechanisms associated with the development and progression of human neuroblastoma, the most common cancer in young children. The research, published in the journal Cancer Cell, may lead to development of future strategies for treatment of this aggressive and unpredictable cancer....

California Study Shows Shade Trees Reduce Summertime Electricity Use - A recent study shows that shade trees on the west and south sides of a house in California can reduce a homeowner's summertime electric bill by about $25.00 a year. The study, conducted last year on 460 single-family homes in Sacramento, is the first large-scale study to use utility billing data to show that trees can reduce energy consumption....

Maternity Leave Linked To Fewer C-sections And Increased Breastfeeding - Two new studies find that women who start their leave in the last month of pregnancy are less likely to have cesarean deliveries, and that new mothers are more likely to establish breastfeeding the longer they delay their return to work. The studies take a rare look into whether taking maternity leave can affect health outcomes in the United States....

Hubble Views Galactic Core In Unprecedented New Detail - A new color infrared image of the center of our Milky Way galaxy reveals a new population of massive stars and new details in complex structures in the hot ionized gas swirling around the central 300 light-years. This sweeping panorama is the sharpest infrared picture ever made of the Galactic core. It offers a nearby laboratory for how massive stars form and influence their environment in the often violent nuclear regions of other galaxies....

Cell Biologists Identify New Tumor Suppressor For Lung Cancer - Cancer and cell biology experts have identified a new tumor suppressor that may help scientists develop more targeted drug therapies to combat lung cancer....

Timetable For Puget Sound Restoration Suffers Setback - The slow natural restoration of hazardous sediments mired beneath the Puget Sound is progressing, but researchers warn that this recovery process may take 10 to 30 years longer than first predicted, because of increased urban growth and its associated untreated runoff....

Pneumococcal Vaccine Does Not Appear To Protect Against Pneumonia - Commonly used pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines do not appear to be effective for preventing pneumonia, found a new study by a team of researchers from Switzerland and the United Kingdom....

Reality Gets Hyperlinked - European researchers can now attach hyperlinks to pictures you take using your mobile phone. It offers the prospect of new ways to discover, engage and navigate your surroundings....

'Recovery Coaches' Effective In Reducing Number Of Babies Exposed To Drugs - Recovery coaches can significantly reduce the number of substance-exposed births as well as help reunite substance-involved families, saving state child-welfare systems millions of dollars in foster-care and other placement costs....

Researchers Create Car Parts From Coconuts - A team of researchers who have identified a variety of low-cost products that can be manufactured from coconuts in poor coastal regions have now developed a way to use coconut husks in automotive interiors....

Stem Cells And Leukemia Battle For Marrow Microenvironment - Learning how leukemia takes over privileged 'niches' within the bone marrow is helping researchers develop treatment strategies that could protect healthy blood-forming stem cells and improve the outcomes of bone marrow transplantation for leukemia and other types of cancer....

Scotland's Loch Leven On Road To Recovery After Decades Of Water Quality Problems - New results from 40 years of intensive scientific research show that Loch Leven, Scotland?s freshwater ?jewel in the crown?, is on the road to recovery after decades of water quality problems. The best water quality since restoration measures began was recorded during 2008....

Decreased Activity Of Basal Ganglia Is Main Cause Of Abnormal Muscle Constrictions In Dystonia - Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary abnormal muscle constrictions. The mechanism has not been well understood. Now, a Japanese research team has found that the decreased activity of the basal ganglia is the main cause of abnormal muscle constrictions of dystonia using a mouse model....

Snap, Map, Chat And Hyperlink? - Hyperlinking reality is a huge advance for mobile navigation, interaction and for image recognition, but what can it actually do? Quite a lot, apparently, with more to come....

Doubts Make Consumers More Willing To Reevaluate Brands, Study Finds - Most consumers crave a clear understanding of brand images, making them more receptive to new marketing messages if anything clouds their vision of companies or products, according to a new study....

Avian Flu Becoming More Resistant To Antiviral Drugs - A new study shows the resistance of the avian flu virus to a major class of antiviral drugs is increasing through positive evolutionary selection, with researchers documenting the trend in more than 30 percent of the samples tested....

Possible New Alzheimer's Treatment? Destroying Amyloid Proteins With Lasers - Researchers have found that a technique used to visualize amyloid fibers in the laboratory might have the potential to destroy them in the clinic. The technique involves zapping the fluorescently-tagged fibers with a laser, which can inhibit their growth and degrade them....

Preterm Births Rise 36 Percent Since Early 1980s - Nearly 543,000 babies were born too soon in 2006, according to new government statistics. The nation's preterm birth rate (birth before 37 completed weeks gestation) rose to 12.8 percent in 2006 -- that's a 36 percent increase since the early 1980s....

To Climate-change Worries, Add One More: Extended Mercury Threat - Mercury pollution has already spurred public health officials to advise eating less fish, but it could become a more pressing concern in a warmer world....

Converting Adult Somatic Cells To Pluripotent Stem Cells Using A Single Virus - Scientists have found a more efficient way to create induced pluripotent stem cells using a single virus vector instead of multiple viruses in the reprogramming process. The ability to combine four vectors into single "stem cell cassette" containing all four genes using a combination of 2A peptides and IRES dramatically improves iPS cell production efficiency -- 10 times higher than previously reported studies....

Genetic Determinants Of ADHD Examined - A special issue of American Journal of Medical Genetics: Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics presents a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in genetic research of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder....

Spookfish Uses Mirrors For Eyes - A remarkable new discovery shows the four-eyed spookfish to be the first vertebrate ever found to use mirrors, rather than lenses, to focus light in its eyes....

Unique Skeletal Muscle Design Contributes To Spine Stability - The novel design of a deep muscle along the spinal column called the multifidus muscle may in fact be key to spinal support and a healthy back, according to researchers. Their findings about the potentially important "scaffolding" role of this poorly understood muscle has been published on line in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery....

Half-baked Asteroids Have Earth-like Crust - Asteroids are hunks of rock that orbit in the outer reaches of space, and scientists have generally assumed that their small size limited the types of rock that could form in their crusts. But two newly discovered meteorites may rewrite the book on how some asteroids form and evolve....

Martian Rock Arrangement Not Alien Handiwork - A new study published in the journal Geology explains how pebble-sized rocks organize themselves in evenly spaced patterns in sand....

China's Food Economy Benefits Small, Poor Farmers - One of the most significant changes in China's agricultural economy over the past 15 years has been the rise of horticulture....

Absence Of CLP Protein Can Be Indicative Of Oral Cancer - Human calmodulin-like protein (CLP) is found in many cell types including breast, thyroid, prostate, kidney, and skin....